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Modeling of the Side Impact Dummy
In October 1990, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) upgraded the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 214 by specifying a dynamic side impact requirement for passenger cars. This requirement uses the side impact dummy (SID), shown in Figure 1, as the anthropomorphic test device (ATD) to simulate the impact response of the side struck human. To maintain and support the SID as a test device, NHTSA wanted a detailed finite element model that could be used to investigate the effects of changes in the ATD design or material properties on impact response.
A finite element model of the SID was developed and run with the DYNA3D finite element code and the INGRID preprocessor. The model includes the material and structural details of the SID that influence its performance in impact testing. The mesh used for the SID model, shown in Figure 2, illustrates the detail included in the model. Various SID and ATD component calibration tests were simulated to evaluate the model performance. An example of a simulation with the SID model for the pendulum impact calibration test is shown in Figure 3. The results of the simulation compared well with acceleration and displacement data from the impact calibration experiments. The calculated response of the SID and the internal thorax structures for the pendulum impact calibration test are shown in Movie1 and Movie 2 respectively. A similar impact test was performed at the Transportation Research Center of Ohio on a cutaway SID showing the internal thorax structures. The observed SID impact response is shown in Movie 3.
References:
S. W. Kirkpatrick, B. S. Holmes, T. C. Hollowell, C. Gabler, and T. Trella, "Finite Element Modeling of the Side Impact Dummy (SID)," Human Surrogates: Design, Development, & Side Impact Protection, SAE Publications, SP-945 (presented at the 1993 International Congress and Exposition, March 1993, SAE Paper No. 930104).
Abstract
M. H. Ray, K. Hiranmayee, and S.W. Kirkpatrick, 1998, "Performance Validation of Two Side Impact Dummies," International Journal of Crashworthiness, IJCrash98 International Crashworthiness Conference, pp. 285-298.
Abstract
For inquiries or comments, please contact:
Dr. Steven Kirkpatrick
Principal Engineer
e-mail: skirkpatrick@ara.com
Robert MacNeill
Principal Engineer
e-mail: rmacneill@ara.com
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Figure 1
SID FEM Model
Photograph of the SID in the Impact Calibration Facility
Figure 2
SID FEM Model
DYNA3D Model of the SID: Model and Component Mesh
Figure 3
SID FEM Model
SID Model Calculation: Impact Calibration Test
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